تداوم کثرت نیروهای سیاسی و عوامل مؤثر بر آن در ایران بعد از انقلاب اسلامی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم سیاسی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه یاسوج، یاسوج، ایران

2 کارشناسی ارشد علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه یاسوج، یاسوج ایران

چکیده

 نظریات متفاوتی در خصوص دموکراسی وجود دارد. یکی از دیدگاه­های نسبتاً جدیدی که در این رابطه مطرح شده دیدگاه کثرات­گرایی دموکراتیک است. مطابق این دیدگاه اساس دموکراسی، تعدد گروه‌های فعال در سیاست و رقابتشان در قالب انتخابات برای کسب قدرت است. به طور کلی دموکراسی کثرت‌گرا بر سه اصل استوار است: تعدد منابع قدرت و گروه‌ها، نظام انتخاباتی رقابتی و عدم مطلوبیت مشارکت سیاسی گسترده.
پژوهش حاضر می­کوشد بر مبنای نظریه کثرت­گرایی دموکراتیک نگاهی به وضعیت سیاسی ایران در سال­های پس از انقلاب اسلامی بیندازد. در ایران پس از انقلاب به دلایل مختلف احزاب سیاسی حضور موثری در سیاست نداشته­اند و به جای آن­ها، جناح­های سیاسی در عرصۀ سیاسی فعال بوده­اند. سوال پژوهش حاضر این است که «علل تداوم کثرتِ نیروهای سیاسی فعال در عرصۀ سیاسی ایرانِ پس از انقلاب چه بوده و این کثرت چه تأثیری بر توسعه سیاسی در ایران داشته است؟» فرضیه پژوهش هم این است که در سال­های پس از انقلاب علیرغم تمایلی که هر یک از جناح­ها برای حذف جناح رقیب از عرصۀ سیاسی داشته­اند، تکثر جناح­های سیاسی تداوم داشته و این تداوم ریشه در پایگاه اجتماعی جناح­های مختلف داشته است. برای آزمون فرضیه از روش توصیفی-تحلیلی و برای گردآوری داده­ها از روش کتابخانه­ای استفاده شده است. یافته­های پژوهش نشان می­دهد که تداوم تکثر جناح­های سیاسی در سال­های پس از انقلاب اسلامی و رقابت آن­ها مانع از یکدست شدن کامل قدرت و از بین رفتن دموکراسی شده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Continuation of the plurality of political forces and factors affecting it in Iran after the Islamic Revolution

نویسندگان [English]

  • aboozar rafiei ghahsareh 1
  • kolsom amini 2
1 Department of Political Science, Faculty of Humanities, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran
2 Master of Political Science, Yasouj University, Yasouj Iran
چکیده [English]

There are different ideas about democracy. One of the relatively new views that have been raised in this regard is the view of democratic pluralism. According to this view, the basis of democracy is the plurality of active groups in politics and their competition in the form of elections to gain power. In general, pluralist democracy is based on three principles: multiplicity of sources of power and groups, competitive electoral system and lack of desirability of broad political participation.
The current research tries to look at the political situation of Iran in the years after the Islamic revolution based on the theory of democratic pluralism. In Iran, after the revolution, for various reasons, political parties have not had an effective presence in politics, and instead of them, political factions have been active in the political arena. The question of the current research is, "What were the reasons for the continued multiplicity of active political forces in Iran's political arena after the revolution, and what effect did this multiplicity have on political development in Iran?" The hypothesis is that in the years after the revolution, despite the desire of each of the factions to eliminate the rival faction from the political arena, the plurality of political factions has continued and this continuity is rooted in the social base of different factions. Descriptive-analytical method has been used to test the hypothesis. The findings show that the continuation of the plurality of political factions in the years after the Islamic Revolution and their competition has prevented the complete unification of power and the destruction of democracy

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Iran
  • pluralist democracy
  • political faction
  • political development
  • political competition

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دولت پژوهی ایران معاصر
دوره 9، شماره 4
زمستان 1402
اسفند 1402
صفحه 39-70

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 27 آذر 1402
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 06 دی 1402
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 16 دی 1402

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