دولت پژوهی ایران معاصر

دولت پژوهی ایران معاصر

روند توسعه روابط ایران و پاکستان در دولت های روحانی و رئیسی : موانع و چالش های پیش رو

نوع مقاله : سیاست خارجی ایران

نویسندگان
1 استادیار روابط بین الملل. گروه مطالعات جغرافیای ایران. بنیاد ایران شناسی. تهران. ایران.
2 دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی
چکیده
پاکستان یکی از مهمترین همسایگان ایران است که روابط با آن از جنبه های گوناگون سیاسی، امنیتی و اقتصادی برای کشور دارای اهمیت است. پژوهش حاضر به تحلیل مقایسه ای روابط دو کشور در دوران ریاست ‌جمهوری حسن روحانی و ابراهیم رئیسی پرداخته است. در دوره روحانی، “دیپلماسی تعامل‌گرایانه" و در مقابل، دوره رئیسی سیاست "نگاه به شرق"، در مرکز توجه بوده است. بنابراین به لحاظ اقتصادی در دوره روحانی تمرکز بر برجام و تجارت ترجیحی و در دوره رئیسی تأکید بر سیاست همسایگی وجود داشته است. اما با وجود تلاش‌های دو دولت، چالش‌هایی نظیر تحریم‌های اقتصادی، مسائل امنیت مرزی و تأثیر قدرت‌های منطقه‌ای و فرامنطقه‌ای، مانع از تحقق کامل ظرفیت‌های روابط ایران و پاکستان شدند. این روابط به لحاظ سیاسی در دوره روحانی تحت تاثیر دیپلماسی تعامل‌محور مبتنی بر فرصت برجام و در دوره رئیسی موثر از سیاست تقویت محور شرق است. روابط به لحاظ همکاری‌های امنیتی نیز از تلاش محدود در کاهش تهدیدات مرزی در دوره روحانی تا تقویت تعاملات نظامی در دوره رئیسی در نوسان بوده است. ضمن اینکه این روابط متاثر از اختلافات ایدئولوژیک و چالش‌های داخلی هر دو دولت بوده است. این پژوهش از روش تحقیق کیفی بهره برده و چارچوب نظری واقع‌گرایی نوکلاسیک را به کار گرفته است. بر اساس یافته های این پژوهش روابط دو کشور نیازمند یک استراتژی جامع و متوازن است که بتواند به چالش‌های امنیتی، اقتصادی و دیپلماتیک موجود پاسخ دهد. این امر نیازمند تمرکز بر تقویت همکاری‌های اقتصادی، امنیتی و فرهنگی و کاهش موانع موجود از جمله تحریم‌ها است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Iran–Pakistan Relations Under the Rouhani and Raisi Administrations: Trends, Challenges, and Strategic Imperatives

نویسندگان English

reza zabihi 1
javad golestani 2
1 Assistant Professor of International Relations, Department of Iranian Geography Studies, Iranology Foundation, Tehran, Iran
2 Allameh Tabataba'i University
چکیده English

Pakistan is one of Iran''s most significant neighboring countries, with bilateral relations strategically important in political, security, and economic dimensions. This study provides a comparative analysis of Iran-Pakistan relations during Hassan Rouhani''s and Ebrahim Raisi''s presidencies. During Rouhani’s tenure, an "engagement diplomacy" approach was emphasized, whereas the Raisi administration prioritized the "Look East" policy. Economically, Rouhani’s government focused on the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) and preferential trade agreements, while Raisi''s administration emphasized neighborhood policy more. Despite the efforts of both governments, challenges such as economic sanctions, border security issues, and the influence of regional and extra-regional powers hindered the full realization of the potential in Iran-Pakistan relations.
Politically, Iran-Pakistan relations during Rouhani''s presidency were shaped by engagement-oriented diplomacy and opportunities created by the JCPOA. In contrast, during Raisi’s term, they were influenced by the strengthening of the Eastern bloc. In terms of security cooperation, these relations fluctuated from limited efforts to mitigate border threats under Rouhani to enhanced military interactions under Raisi. Furthermore, ideological differences and domestic challenges in both countries have had a continuous impact on bilateral ties.
This study employs a qualitative research methodology and utilizes the theoretical framework of neoclassical realism. The findings indicate that structural factors at the international level, domestic political dynamics, and specific bilateral interactions—such as border security and energy projects—played a crucial role in shaping Iran-Pakistan relations. Accordingly, the development of border infrastructure and the strengthening of security and economic cooperation could lead to an improvement in bilateral relations between Iran and Pakistan.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Iran
Pakistan
foreign relations
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دوره 11، شماره 2
تابستان 1404
تابستان 1404
صفحه 129-151

  • تاریخ دریافت 23 اسفند 1403
  • تاریخ بازنگری 24 اردیبهشت 1404
  • تاریخ پذیرش 24 اردیبهشت 1404
  • تاریخ انتشار 01 تیر 1404