دولت پژوهی ایران معاصر

دولت پژوهی ایران معاصر

مقایسه کارآمدی ساختار ریاستی و پارلمانی در توسعه سیاسی ایران بعد از انقلاب اسلامی

نوع مقاله : مسائل سیاسی ایران

نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری علوم سیاسی (مسائل ایران)، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد تهران جنوب، ایران
2 استاد گروه علوم سیاسی و روابط بین الملل، دانشگاه گیلان، گیلان، ایران
چکیده
نظام جمهوری اسلامی ایران، در حوزه ساختار سیاسی ناظر بر نظام پارلمانی صاحب تجربه است. تـا پـیش از بـازبینی قـانون اساسی در سال ١٣٦٨، کشور بر اساس ساختار پارلمانی تمشیت می‌شد. لیکن در مقطع چند سال اخیـر برخـی صاحب نظران بر این باورند که ساختار نظام ریاستی، مطلوب نظر مقتضیات کشور نیست و بستر تعامـل قـوا را میسر نمی‌سازد. ضمن اینکه برخی معتقدند این تغییر باید در مقطعی شکل بگیرد که کشور صاحب نظام حزبـی توانمند به معنای حقیقی باشد در غیراین صورت تغییر نظام از ریاستی به پارلمانی مشکلی را مرتفع نمـی‌سـازد. لذا وجه ممیزه برجسته ساختار سیاسی نظام ریاستی و پارلمانی معطوف به چگونگی انتخـاب رئـیس قـوه اجراییه است. پژوهش حاضر ضمن بررسی مهمترین ریشه‌های طرح چنین موضوعی در ایران به تبیین نظام پارالمانی و ریاستی و نیمه ریاستی و جایگاه و ویژگی‌های هر یک در شاکله حاکمیتی کشور می‌پردازد. این پژوهش با روش تحلیلی-توصیفی و اخذ نظر خبرگان و کارشناسان مرتبط انجام شده است. یافته‌های تحقیق حاکی از آن است که استقرار نظام ریاستی یا پارلمانی در کشور می‌تواند تبعات مثبت و منفی را در پی داشته باشد، لیکن با توجه به بررسی ملزومات و انتقادات وارده همچون عدم وجود احزاب منضبط، اصلاح قانون اساسی و تضعیف جمهوریت هر گونه تغیر در ساختار سیاسی کشور نیاز به توجه مقتضیات سیاسی، فرهنگی و اجتماعی کشور دارد که ضمن حل مشکلات و موانع فعلی باعث کارآمدی بیشتر نظام خواهد گردید.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

Comparison of the effectiveness of the presidential and parliamentary structure in the political development of Iran after the Islamic revoluti

نویسندگان English

mohammadmehdi niyazmand matloobe 1
reza simbar 2
1 student, Political Science (Iranian Issues), South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2 Professor of Political Science Department, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
چکیده English

The system of the Islamic Republic of Iran has experience in the field of political structure overseeing the parliamentary system. Before the revision of the constitution in 1368, the country was divided according to the parliamentary structure. However, in the past few years, some experts believe that the structure of the presidential system is not suitable for the needs of the country and does not facilitate the interaction of forces. While examining the most important roots of such an issue in Iran, the present study explains the parliamentary, presidential and semi-presidential system and the position and characteristics of each in the country's governance structure. This research was done with analytical-descriptive method and obtaining the opinion of experts and related experts. The findings of the research indicate that the establishment of a presidential or parliamentary system in the country can have positive and negative consequences, but considering the requirements and criticisms such as the lack of disciplined parties, the amendment of the constitution and the weakening of the republic Any change in the political structure of the country needs to pay attention to the political, cultural and social requirements of the country, which will make the system more efficient while solving the current problems and obstacles.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Presidential-parliamentary structure
parties
political development
Islamic Revolution
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دوره 11، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 3
پاییز 1404
پاییز 1404
صفحه 111-134

  • تاریخ دریافت 28 بهمن 1403
  • تاریخ بازنگری 29 تیر 1404
  • تاریخ پذیرش 28 مرداد 1404
  • تاریخ انتشار 01 مهر 1404