نوع مقاله : جامعه شناسی سیاسی ایران
نویسندگان
1 استادیار جامعه شناسی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه یاسوج، یاسوج، ایران.
2 گروه معارف اسلامی،دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی،دانشگاه یاسوج،یاسوج،ایران،
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
The present study aims to analyze the contexts and processes of the formation of a new Iranian identity during the Constitutional era, based on Michel Foucault’s discursive approach. This identity marked the beginning of a new understanding of “Iran,” “Iranianness,” and “citizenship,” the effects of which persist in the country’s cultural and political structures to this day. Accordingly, employing a Foucauldian discursive approach, this research seeks to answer how this identity manifested in the political, literary, educational, and cultural discourses of the Constitutional era. Corresponding to the research question, the methodology is based on Foucault’s discourse analysis. The findings indicate that, from a Foucauldian perspective, the formation of the new Iranian identity during the Constitutional era was based on six contexts: the “Foucauldianization” of the identity problem in the Constitutional era; identity as a variable carnival; Foucault’s genealogy and the displacement of the Iranian subject; othering as the fundamental basis of Constitutional identity; identity as wax in the hands of power; and the logic of sign repeatability as a tool for constructing the new identity. Consequently, it can be concluded that from a Foucauldian viewpoint, identity is a historical and discursive event rather than a natural or essentialist phenomenon. Foucault argues that the human subject is formed through a network of discourses, and each historical period produces a specific type of subject. The emergence of new discourses—such as nation, law, freedom, civilization, and modern education—along with new institutions like the press, parliament, modern schools, and associations, created new apparatuses for producing the new Iranian subject; a subject who was no longer a “subject/peasant” (ra’iyat), but was instead termed a “nation” and a “citizen.” In this process, the mechanism of “othering” played a significant role. Many discourses of the Constitutional period defined the new Iranian identity in opposition to “others” such as tyranny, ignorance, backwardness, and disorder. These oppositions were not merely representations of reality, but rather discursive processes of identity production. Furthermore, the widespread repetition of signs such as homeland, law, freedom, progress, and justice in the press and public oratory helped stabilize these identity patterns.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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