The Ramadan War (2025–2026) marked Iran's first large-scale direct confrontation with simultaneous military-economic threats. This research aims to evaluate the institutional agency of the Iranian state across three key domains—defense self-sufficiency, alternative financial systems, and regional economic diplomacy—during the Ramadan War. Employing a qualitative approach and a case study methodology, the study draws on official documents, reputable international news reports, and analyses from research centers, examined through directed content analysis. Findings indicate that during the Ramadan War, Iran's missile and drone capabilities demonstrated effective institutional performance in the defense sector; however, cyber vulnerabilities and the inefficacy of passive defense were exposed. The alternative financial system achieved relative success by reducing the dollar's share to 45 percent, but its dependence on digital infrastructure compromised its efficiency during cyber-attacks. The dual naval blockade revealed the strategic vulnerability of Iran's reliance on southern ports, leading to an 84 percent decline in oil revenues. In the diplomatic arena, membership in the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and BRICS prevented complete international isolation. The Ramadan War transformed the concept of resilience from a "sanctions-oriented" model to a "war-oriented" paradigm, introducing new components including digital crisis management, social cohesion, and diversification of transit routes. The most critical strategic lesson is the imperative to restructure Iran's foreign trade geography and reduce dependence on the Strait of Hormuz and southern ports.